1. What Are Atazanavir and Ritonavir?
Atazanavir is a potent HIV-1 protease inhibitor that prevents viral replication by blocking the activity of the protease enzyme, an essential part of the viral life cycle. Ritonavir, initially developed as a protease inhibitor itself, is now primarily used as a pharmacokinetic enhancer due to its ability to inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme, thereby boosting the levels and efficacy of other protease inhibitors like Atazanavir.
When used in combination, these two drugs offer a highly effective, once-daily regimen that reduces pill burden while maintaining robust viral suppression.
2. How Do They Work Together?
Ritonavir's role is vital—not as a direct antiviral but as a booster that prolongs the action of Atazanavir. By inhibiting liver enzymes responsible for breaking down Atazanavir, Ritonavir ensures higher plasma concentrations of the drug for a longer duration, thereby:
- Increasing efficacy
- Reducing the frequency of dosing
- Improving patient adherence
This combination ensures that HIV remains suppressed effectively while preserving CD4+ cell counts—a key marker of immune health.
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