Comparison and application of characteristics of pure copper rods and oxygen-free copper rods
As a basic industrial material, copper rods play an irreplaceable role in the fields of electricity, electronics, machinery manufacturing, construction, etc., due to their excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance and mechanical processing performance. Different types of copper rods have significantly different performance characteristics and application scenarios due to differences in composition and process. This article will systematically analyze the main types of industrial copper rods, elaborate on their distinguishing characteristics, key parameter indicators and typical application fields, and provide a reference for engineering material selection.
Comparison and application of characteristics of pure copper rods and oxygen-free copper rods
Pure copper rods can be divided into three categories according to the purity level: T1 (copper ≥ 99.95%), T2 (copper ≥ 99.90%) and T3 (copper ≥ 99.70%). The higher the purity, the better the electrical and thermal conductivity. The conductivity of T1 copper rods can reach 101% IACS, but its hardness and strength are relatively low, and the tensile strength is in the range of 200-250MPa. This type of high-purity copper rod is mainly used in occasions with extremely high requirements for conductivity, such as busbars, switch contacts, transformer windings in electrical engineering, and semiconductor devices and vacuum tube components in the electronics industry. It is worth noting that as the purity decreases, the mechanical properties of the copper rod will improve, but the conductivity will decrease accordingly. Although the conductivity of the T3 copper rod is slightly lower, the cost is more economical, and it is suitable for some general occasions that do not require strict conductivity.
Oxygen-free copper rods (TU1, TU2) are copper materials with oxygen content controlled below 0.001% through a special smelting process. The purity of TU1 reaches more than 99.99%, and the oxygen content does not exceed 0.0005%. Compared with ordinary pure copper, oxygen-free copper has higher conductivity (101-102% IACS) and ductility (elongation ≥ 40%) and is not prone to hydrogen embrittlement in high-temperature environments. These characteristics make it an ideal choice for high-end electronic devices such as microwave tubes and superconducting material matrices. It is also the preferred material for vacuum devices (electronic tubes, magnetrons) and high-temperature application environments (such as rocket engine cooling channels). The production process of oxygen-free copper is strict, and the cost is relatively high, but its stable performance in special environments makes it indispensable in key areas.
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